Late glacial and holocene landscapes of central Beringia     

Anatoly V. Lozhkin  Patricia Anderson  Wendy R. Eisner  Tatiana B. Solomatkina 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(3):383-392

New palynological and sedimentological data from St. Lawrence Island present a rare view into late-glacial and Holocene environments of the central Bering Land Bridge. The late glaciation was a time of dynamic landscape changes in south-central Beringia, with active thermokarst processes, including the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. The presence of such a wet, unstable substrate, if widespread, probably would have had an adverse impact on food sources and mobility for many of the large mammal populations. The establishment of Betula shrub tundra on the island suggests late-glacial summers that were warmer than present, consistent with regional paleoclimatic interpretations. However, the increasing proximity to the Bering Sea, as postglacial sea levels rose, modified the intensity of warming and prevented the establishment of deciduous forest as found in other areas of Beringia at this time. The mid- to late Holocene is marked by more stable land surfaces and development of Sphagnum and Cyperaceae peat deposits. The accumulation of organic deposits, decline of shrub Betula, and decrease in thermokarst disturbance suggest that conditions were cooler than the previous. A recent decline in peat accumulation at the study sites may relate to local geomorphology, but similar decreases have been noted for other arctic regions.  相似文献   

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Northern Qaidam Basin, NW China: Implications for the earliest Cretaceous intracontinental tectonism   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Lei Wu  Ancheng Xiao  Liqun WangZhongyan Shen  Suping ZhouYuanzhong Chen  Liang Wang  Dong LiuJunya Guan 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(4):552-564

Formation of Mesozoic western China, which was dominated by tectonic amalgamation along its southern margin and associated intracontinental tectonisms, holds a key for interpreting the succedent Cenozoic evolution. This paper presents new data including lithology, sedimentary facies, stratigraphic contact, seismic interpretation and paleo-structures within the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata in the northern Qaidam Basin, NW China. These data all account for a contractional tectonic deformation in the earliest Cretaceous. The South Qilian Shan, according to the sedimentary features and provenance analysis, reactivated and exhumated during the deformation, controlling the deposition of the Lower Cretaceous sequences. A simplified model for the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleogeography and tectonics of the northern Qaidam Basin is accordingly proposed. The results also support a ∼25° clockwise rotation of the Qaidam Basin since the Early Cretaceous and a more accurate Mesozoic evolution process for the basin. This earliest Cretaceous deformation, associated with the reactivation of the South Qilian Shan at the time, are part of the intracontinental tectonisms in central Asia during the Mesozoic, and probably driven by both the closure of the Mongol-Okhostk Ocean to the north and the collision of the Lhasa and the Qiangtang blocks to the south.  相似文献   

峡江-广丰和三南-寻乌火山岩带晚中生代粗面岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

巫建华  刘飞宇  刘帅 《地质论评》2011,57(1):125-132

江西及广东北缘呈近EW向展布的峡江-广丰火山岩带和三南(全南、定南、龙南)-寻乌火山岩带,是我国东南部中生代以高钾钙碱性长英质火山岩为主体的火山岩带的组成部分.峡江-广丰火山岩带的石溪盆地、三南-寻乌火山岩带的三百山盆地和大长沙盆地出露少量粗面岩,粗面岩所含锆石具有明显的振荡环带,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石....  相似文献   

新疆东准噶尔老鸦泉富碱花岗岩型锡矿床地质及成矿流体   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王莉娟  王京彬  王玉往  龙灵利  唐萍芝 《岩石学报》2011,27(5):1483-1492

老鸦泉碱性花岗岩位于新疆北部东准噶尔地区。老鸦泉碱性花岗岩体及其内卡姆斯特、干梁子锡矿床的矿石和岩石的岩矿鉴定、稀土元素以及流体包裹体的系统研究表明,老鸦泉碱性花岗岩及其内的花岗斑岩及含矿石英岩、云英岩化锡矿体、石英脉锡矿体,实际上是富碱花岗质岩浆逐渐分异演化的同源和最终产物,锡成矿流体为中-高温、低盐度。碱性岩浆晚期分异的大量气水热液富锡、富硅、富碱、富含F、Cl、SO²₄离子及离子团,其氧逸度高、酸度高、温度高,这种热液引起花岗岩体的硅化、云英岩化等自变质作用,在该作用中随温度、压力的降低及CH₄等还原性气体及CO₂气体的逃逸,改变了成矿流体的氧化-还原环境,流体向相对还原及碱性条件转化,在新的氧化还原、酸碱度界面条件下,其携带的锡的络合物不稳定而分解,锡沉淀成矿。  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的土地覆盖资料对长三角城市群区域夏季高温模拟的影响评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马红云  宋洁  郭品文  徐永明 《气象科学》2011,31(4)

随着长三角地区经济发展的同时,人类活动对自然环境产生了很大影响,其中土地覆盖状况变化显著,尤以城市化扩展为主。为了评估土地覆盖资料对天气过程的数值模拟影响,了解土地覆盖变化对区域气象环境产生的作用,本文利用中尺度数值天气模式WRFV3.0/Noah/UCM,选取2005年250 m分辨率的MOD IS数据制作土地覆盖资料,针对2007年7月长三角地区一次夏季高温过程进行数值试验,分析表明:新的土地覆盖资料更真实地反映了长三角地区的下垫面结构,尤其体现出区域内城市群面积快速增长的特征。将模拟结果与高分辨率的气象站观测资料对比,统计结果显示精细化土地覆盖资料的引入明显改善了模拟效果,较真实的反映出城市化发展对区域气象环境的影响作用。  相似文献   

Phytoplankton dynamics and cyanobacterial dominance in Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria (Uganda) in relation to environmental conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sigrid Haande  Thomas RohrlackRonald P. Semyalo  Pål BrettumBente Edvardsen  Anne Lyche-SolheimKai Sørensen  Petter Larsson 《Limnologica》2011,41(1):20-29

Murchison Bay is a shallow embayment in the north-western part of Lake Victoria, strongly influenced by urban pollution from the Ugandan capital Kampala. Two stations, representing the semi-enclosed innermost part of the bay and the wider outer part of the bay, were sampled in the period from April 2003 to March 2004, in order to assess the phytoplankton community and the nutrient status in the bay. Murchison Bay was highly eutrophic with average concentrations (n=25) of total phosphorous >90 μg L⁻¹ and total nitrogen >1100 μg L⁻¹ in the inner part of the bay. The phytoplankton community was dominated by a variety of cyanobacterial species and diatoms. Cyanobacteria were dominant in the whole bay, whereas diatoms were more abundant in the outer part of the bay. Moreover, the proportion of N-fixing species like Anabaena sp. was higher in the outer part of the bay, whereas species like Microcystis sp. were more abundant in the inner part of the bay. The phytoplankton community, especially in the outer part of the bay, may be influenced by light limitation. Low NO₃-N concentrations in the bay may also indicate a possible N-limitation, thus favouring growth of N-fixing cyanobacteria. The open bay is, however, a complex system, and additional environmental factors and loss processes most likely affect the phytoplankton community.  相似文献   

Relationships between surface-active organic substances, chlorophyll a and nutrients in the northern Adriatic Sea     

Bla?enka Gašparovi?  Tamara DjakovacNataša Tepi?  Danilo Degobbis 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(10):1149-1160

Surface-active organic substances (SAS), nutrients, chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved oxygen (O₂), salinity (S) and temperature (T) were measured approximately monthly in the northern Adriatic Sea (NA) during two years. Results were elaborated for two stations of different trophic status. Exhaustive statistical examinations of measured variables were performed to contribute to better understanding of the processes and interdependence of the measured parameters. The results of those analyses allowed the region to be described based on several groups of data relevant for particular processes. Chl a appear to be independent parameter; orthosilicate, nitrite and ammonium represent the parameter group most relevant for regeneration processes; the second group includes nutrients dominant in freshwater inputs (orthophosphate and nitrate), while in the third group are parameters related to primary production processes (T, O₂, organic phosphorus and SAS). Probably due to time lags between nutrient uptake and phytoplankton growth as well as between cells growth/division and SAS release, both, the correlation between nutrients and Chl a and the correlation between Chl a and SAS were not statistically significant. Although significantly higher nutrient and Chl a concentrations were found in the mesotrophic western part of the region in comparison to the oligotrophic eastern part, the SAS concentration differences were less marked. It is assumed that more OM is produced, but also at the same time remineralized, at the mesotrophic western part, leading to higher concentrations of regenerated nutrients there. Presence of different phytoplankton taxa and/or fractions (micro and nano) at the two stations may have also contributed to minimize the difference in SAS contents. Higher SAS acidities were noticed in the mesotrophic than in the oligotrophic part.  相似文献   

甘肃古浪长岭山北麓断裂新活动特征与地震危险性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘强  王爱国  邵延秀  赵泽贤 《地震工程学报》2011,33(2):123-129

通过野外调查和探槽开挖,并结合b值计算结果,对位于甘肃省中部古浪县的长岭山北麓断层的几何学、运动学特征、活动性分段及地震危险性进行了研究.研究认为长岭山北麓断裂主要由四条断层组成,总体呈反“S”形展布;断层最新活动在西段f1表现为倾向南的左旋正断性质,在西段f2和中段f3表现为向北倾的左旋正断性质,东段f4又转变为倾向南的左旋正断活动性质,断裂西端以秦家大山南北向隆起及第三系褶皱与古浪断裂隔断,东端以白墩子左旋拉张盆地与罐罐岭断裂左阶排列,阶距3.5 km;断裂带全新世早中期以来有过地震活动,最后一次活动离逝时间较长,现代应力积累较快,为未来地震危险区.  相似文献   

青藏高原北部地区地震基本活动状态定量评价   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘小凤  梅秀苹  冯建刚  程建武  张辉 《地震工程学报》2011,33(2):130-136

基于区域构造背景、应力场状态及动力学环境等,将青藏高原北部地区划分为4个相对独立的统计单元,即祁连山地震带、甘东南地区、柴达木一共和地块及库玛地震带.通过地震频度和b值拟合确定了各个地区不同下限震级的地震目录完整性起始时间;确定了各构造单元中强以上地震活跃与平静交替活动的特征;定量计算了在平均状态中强以上地震活动特征参数及平静阶段与活跃阶段地震活动特征参数;分别获得了各个区域在平均、活跃与平静状态下的小震活动状态参数.  相似文献   

Evaluating a thermal image sharpening model over a mixed agricultural landscape in India     

C. Jeganathan  N.A.S. Hamm  S. Mukherjee  P.M. Atkinson  P.L.N. Raju  V.K. Dadhwal 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Fine spatial resolution (e.g., <300 m) thermal data are needed regularly to characterise the temporal pattern of surface moisture status, water stress, and to forecast agriculture drought and famine. However, current optical sensors do not provide frequent thermal data at a fine spatial resolution. The TsHARP model provides a possibility to generate fine spatial resolution thermal data from coarse spatial resolution (≥1 km) data on the basis of an anticipated inverse linear relationship between the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) at fine spatial resolution and land surface temperature at coarse spatial resolution. The current study utilised the TsHARP model over a mixed agricultural landscape in the northern part of India. Five variants of the model were analysed, including the original model, for their efficiency. Those five variants were the global model (original); the resolution-adjusted global model; the piecewise regression model; the stratified model; and the local model. The models were first evaluated using Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) thermal data (90 m) aggregated to the following spatial resolutions: 180 m, 270 m, 450 m, 630 m, 810 m and 990 m. Although sharpening was undertaken for spatial resolutions from 990 m to 90 m, root mean square error (RMSE) of <2 K could, on average, be achieved only for 990–270 m in the ASTER data. The RMSE of the sharpened images at 270 m, using ASTER data, from the global, resolution-adjusted global, piecewise regression, stratification and local models were 1.91, 1.89, 1.96, 1.91, 1.70 K, respectively. The global model, resolution-adjusted global model and local model yielded higher accuracy, and were applied to sharpen MODIS thermal data (1 km) to the target spatial resolutions. Aggregated ASTER thermal data were considered as a reference at the respective target spatial resolutions to assess the prediction results from MODIS data. The RMSE of the predicted sharpened image from MODIS using the global, resolution-adjusted global and local models at 250 m were 3.08, 2.92 and 1.98 K, respectively. The local model consistently led to more accurate sharpened predictions by comparison to other variants.  相似文献